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Reading Crypto Charts and Market Cycles

Learn to read cryptocurrency charts and understand the unique market cycles that drive crypto prices.

Read 10 min Published January 15, 2026 Updated April 22, 2026

TL;DR: Learn to read cryptocurrency charts and understand the unique market cycles that drive crypto prices. Open TradingView and load Bitcoin (BTC/USD) chart.

Step-by-step guide

  1. Open TradingView and load Bitcoin (BTC/USD) chart
  2. Switch to candlestick view and add 20, 50, 200-day moving averages
  3. Identify the current phase: accumulation, markup, distribution, or markdown
  4. Look for support/resistance levels with multiple touches
  5. Check volume: increasing volume confirms trend strength
  6. Compare Bitcoin to altcoins - they usually follow BTC direction

Detail sections

The 4-Year Bitcoin Halving Cycle

Seasons Analogy: Think of Bitcoin’s cycle like the four seasons. Winter (bear market) is harsh but necessary - trees shed leaves, animals hibernate, weak projects die. Then spring arrives (accumulation) - smart money plants seeds. Summer (bull run) brings explosive growth. Finally autumn (distribution) - harvest time before the next winter. This repeats every ~4 years, driven by Bitcoin’s halving event.

What is the Halving: Every 210,000 blocks (~4 years), Bitcoin’s mining reward cuts in half. This reduces new supply entering the market.

The Cycle Phases:

1. Bear Market Bottom (Winter) - Month 0-12:

  • Price down -80% from all-time high
  • Volume extremely low, no one cares about crypto
  • Media declares ‘Bitcoin is dead’ (again)
  • Smart institutions accumulate quietly

Example: November 2022 - Bitcoin at $15,500 after crashing from $69,000 peak.

2. Accumulation (Spring) - Month 12-24:

  • Price slowly grinds higher (+50% to +100%)
  • Volatility compresses, tight trading range
  • Skepticism remains high
  • Whales buying in size without pumping price

Example: 2023 - Bitcoin recovered from $15k to $30k. Most people still thought it was ‘over.’

3. Bull Run (Summer) - Month 24-36:

  • Halving occurs, supply shock hits
  • Price explodes +300% to +500% in 12-18 months
  • Media euphoria, your Uber driver asks about crypto
  • Altcoins go parabolic

Example: 2024-2025 cycle (halving April 2024). History suggests peak late 2025.

4. Distribution/Top (Autumn) - Month 36-48:

  • Extreme greed, everyone thinks it goes up forever
  • Retail FOMO buying at the top
  • Institutions quietly selling to retail
  • Blowoff top, then -20% to -40% crash begins the next bear

Example: November 2021 - Bitcoin hit $69,000, altcoins at absurd valuations. Then -76% crash to $15k.

Trading the Cycle:

  • Buy in winter/spring when fear is maximum
  • Hold through summer bull run
  • Sell in autumn when greed peaks
  • Repeat every 4 years

Trading Tip: The cycle doesn’t guarantee profits, but it gives you massive edge. Most retail does the opposite: buys tops (FOMO), sells bottoms (fear).

Key Differences: Crypto vs Stock Charts

24/7 Casino Analogy: Stock markets are like a restaurant - open 9:30am-4pm, closed weekends. Crypto is like a Las Vegas casino - never closes, action 24/7/365. This changes everything.

1. No Gaps Stocks gap up/down overnight on news. Crypto moves smoothly because it trades continuously. A stock might close Friday at $50, open Monday at $55 (gap). Bitcoin just… keeps trading. This means gap trading strategies don’t work in crypto.

2. Extreme Volatility Stock: 2% daily move is significant Bitcoin: 5-10% daily move is normal Altcoins: 20-40% daily moves happen regularly

This volatility is both opportunity (huge gains possible) and danger (can lose 30% in hours).

3. Bitcoin Dominance When Bitcoin moves, altcoins follow - usually amplified.

  • Bitcoin +10% → Ethereum +15%, altcoins +25%
  • Bitcoin -10% → Ethereum -15%, altcoins -30%

You can’t trade altcoins without watching Bitcoin.

4. Lower Liquidity (Except BTC/ETH) Apple: $50+ billion traded daily Bitcoin: $30-50 billion traded daily Small altcoins: $1-10 million daily (very easy to manipulate)

Low liquidity = wider spreads, slippage, and manipulation.

5. Weekend Dumps Pattern: Friday-Sunday, volume drops -60%. Whales often dump on low-volume weekends, causing -10% to -15% crashes. Monday recovers. This happens so often traders joke: ‘Sell Friday, buy Monday.’

Real Example - Weekend Dump: May 2023: Bitcoin $27,000 Friday. Saturday dump to $25,800 (-4.4%). Monday recovered to $26,800.

Trading Tip: For day trading crypto, use tighter stops than stocks. A 3% stop in stocks = 5-7% stop in crypto. And never hold leveraged positions over weekends.

Reading Crypto Charts: Essential Indicators

Same Tools, Faster Timeframes: The same technical analysis that works on stocks works on crypto - but everything happens faster.

Moving Averages (Compressed Timeframes): Stocks: 50-day, 200-day MA Crypto: 20-day, 50-day MA (200-day too slow for crypto’s speed)

Bitcoin above 20-day MA = short-term bullish Bitcoin above 50-day MA = intermediate bullish Death cross (50 below 200) still works but acts faster

Example: March 2024 - Bitcoin broke above 50-day MA at $51,000. Rallied to $73,000 in 5 weeks (+43%).

Volume in Crypto: Crucial for confirmation, but watch out for fake volume (wash trading on sketchy exchanges).

Valid volume signals:

  • Breakout with 2x average volume = likely real
  • Breakdown with high volume = capitulation, often near bottom
  • Rising price + falling volume = weak rally, will reverse

Support & Resistance: Works perfectly in crypto. Key Bitcoin levels watched by millions:

  • Psychological levels: $20k, $30k, $40k, $50k, $60k, $100k
  • Previous all-time highs become support: $69k (2021 ATH) is now major resistance

Example: June 2023 - Bitcoin tested $30k support 4 times, held each time. Then broke up to $45k.

RSI (Relative Strength Index): Overbought (>70) and oversold (<30) signals work, but crypto can stay ‘overbought’ for weeks during bull runs.

Better approach:

  • RSI < 30 in bear market = accumulation zone
  • RSI > 70 in bull market = normal, don’t short yet
  • Divergence: price makes new high, RSI doesn’t = top forming

Trading Tip: Bitcoin correlates with US stock market (S&P 500) about 60-70% of the time now. If S&P dumps -2%, Bitcoin often dumps -4%. Always check both.

Altcoin Trading: Following Bitcoin’s Lead

Bitcoin is King Analogy: Bitcoin is the king. Altcoins are subjects. When the king is strong, subjects prosper. When the king is weak, everyone suffers.

The Altcoin Trading Cycle Within the Cycle:

Phase 1 - Bitcoin Pumps First: Bull run starts, Bitcoin leads +50% to +100% Altcoins: +0% to +20% (underperform) Reason: Smart money flows into Bitcoin first (safest, most liquid)

Phase 2 - Ethereum Pumps: Bitcoin consolidates near highs Ethereum pumps +100% to +200% Altcoins: +20% to +50% Reason: Money rotates from BTC → ETH

Phase 3 - Altcoin Season: Bitcoin sideways/slight down Ethereum sideways Altcoins explode +200% to +1000%+ Reason: Late-stage FOMO, retail chases ‘cheap’ coins

Phase 4 - Everything Crashes: Bitcoin -20% to -40% Ethereum -30% to -50% Altcoins -50% to -90% Reason: Liquidity drains, everyone panic sells

Real Example - 2021 Altcoin Season:

  • Jan-March 2021: Bitcoin $30k → $60k (100%)
  • April-May: Ethereum $1,500 → $4,000 (167%), altcoins went parabolic
  • Solana: $10 → $60 (500%)
  • Cardano: $0.30 → $2.40 (700%)
  • Then May crash: everything -50% in 2 weeks

How to Trade This:

  1. Early bull run: Hold Bitcoin
  2. Mid bull run: Rotate some BTC → ETH + top 10 altcoins
  3. Late bull run (greed extreme): Take profits, don’t chase small caps
  4. Bear market: Sell altcoins, keep only BTC/ETH

Bitcoin Dominance Chart: BTC Dominance = Bitcoin market cap ÷ Total crypto market cap

  • Rising dominance (50% → 60%) = Bitcoin outperforming, altcoins bleeding
  • Falling dominance (60% → 40%) = Altcoin season, money rotating

Trading Tip: Never hold altcoins long-term. 95% of altcoins from 2017 are dead. Bitcoin and Ethereum survived. Altcoins are trading vehicles, not investments.

Frequently asked questions

When is the best time to buy Bitcoin in the 4-year cycle?
The best time to buy is during the 'bear market bottom' phase, 12-18 months after a major crash. Specifically: (1) When Bitcoin is down -70% to -85% from its all-time high, (2) When media declares Bitcoin 'dead' and no one talks about crypto, (3) When the 200-week moving average holds as support (historically $20k-$25k range in 2022-2023). Example: November 2022, Bitcoin hit $15,500 after the $69,000 peak - classic bottom. Those who bought there saw +200%+ gains by 2024. The key: you must have the patience to buy when it feels terrible and everyone thinks you're crazy. Retail does the opposite - buys tops ($60k+) when euphoric, sells bottoms ($15k) in fear. That's why 90% lose money. The cycle repeats every 4 years like clockwork. Next bottom likely 2026 after the 2025 peak.
Why does Bitcoin dictate altcoin prices?
Bitcoin is 40-50% of total crypto market cap and has the most liquidity. When Bitcoin dumps, fear spreads across all crypto - retail panic sells everything. When Bitcoin pumps, greed returns and money flows into altcoins chasing bigger gains. It's also technical: most altcoins are traded in 'pairs' against Bitcoin (ETH/BTC, SOL/BTC, etc.), not just USD. So altcoin price in USD = altcoin price in BTC × Bitcoin price in USD. If Bitcoin crashes -10%, an altcoin that's 'stable' against BTC still drops -10% in USD terms. Only during 'altcoin season' (late bull run) do altcoins decouple and pump while Bitcoin consolidates. But this lasts weeks, not months. The rule: never hold altcoins when Bitcoin is dumping. You'll lose twice - once from Bitcoin's drop, twice from altcoin's amplified drop.
Can I day trade crypto like stocks?
Yes, but it's harder and riskier. Crypto's 24/7 nature means you can't 'close your position and sleep' - the market moves while you sleep. A stock day trader can close all positions at 3:59pm and relax. A crypto day trader wakes up to +15% or -20% moves. Key differences: (1) Higher volatility requires wider stops (5-7% vs 2-3% for stocks), (2) Overnight risk - Bitcoin can dump -10% at 3am on no news, (3) Weekend dumps - low liquidity Saturdays often see -5% to -10% flash crashes, (4) No Pattern Day Trader rule - you can day trade with $100 if you want (unlike stocks requiring $25k). Best approach: trade only during high-liquidity hours (8am-8pm ET when US/Europe overlap), use tight stops, never hold leveraged positions overnight or weekends. Most profitable crypto day traders focus on Bitcoin and Ethereum only - altcoins are too manipulated for reliable day trading.
What are the most important support/resistance levels for Bitcoin?
Bitcoin has clear psychological levels that act as magnets: $20k, $30k, $40k, $50k, $60k, $70k, $100k. These round numbers are watched by millions globally, creating self-fulfilling prophecies. Additionally, previous all-time highs become critical: $69,000 (2021 ATH) is now major resistance, $20,000 (2017 ATH) became major support in 2022-2023. Technical levels: 200-week moving average (~$25k as of 2024) is the 'ultimate bottom' - never closed below it in history. When Bitcoin dips to this level, it's historically been a generational buying opportunity. For day trading, watch smaller levels: $1,000 increments ($41k, $42k, $43k) act as intraday support/resistance. Tip: when Bitcoin approaches a major psychological level, expect high volatility - it either bounces hard or breaks through violently. Don't trade the chop right at the level; wait for confirmation.
Should I hold Bitcoin long-term or trade it?
Depends on your skill and risk tolerance. Long-term holding (buying and holding through full 4-year cycles) has the best risk-adjusted returns for most people. Example: bought Bitcoin at any point in 2019-2020 ($5k-$10k), held through 2021 peak ($60k+), held through 2022 crash ($15k), now 2024 ($50k+) = massive gains with zero trading skill needed. Just patience. Trading is higher risk, higher reward IF you're skilled. Reality: 80% of crypto traders lose money because they: (1) Buy tops emotionally, (2) Sell bottoms in fear, (3) Overtrade and pay fees, (4) Use leverage and get liquidated. Recommendation: allocate 70-80% to long-term holding (buy bear market bottoms, sell bull market tops), 20-30% to trading (practice, learn, but limit risk). Never trade your entire stack. The people who got richest from Bitcoin are those who simply bought and held through the chaos - not the day traders.